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Physician
Patient

Osteoporosis

(SEDICO drugs for treating Osteoporosis)

Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis occurs when the body fails to form enough new bone, or when too much old bone is reabsorbed by the body. Calcium and phosphate are two minerals that are essential for normal bone formation. Throughout youth, the body uses these minerals to produce bones. If calcium intake is not sufficient, or if the body does not absorb enough calcium from the diet, bone production and bone tissues may suffer. As people age, calcium and phosphate may be reabsorbed back into the body from the bones, which makes the bone tissue weaker. Both situations can result in brittle, fragile bones that are subject to fractures.
 
Causes
(1) (2)

Drop in estrogen in women at the time of menopause, and a drop in testosterone in men

Women
get osteoporosis more often than men.

Use of certain medications, such as steroids and anticonvulsants.
Other causes include excess corticosteroid.

(3)

Other risk factors include:

(a)
 
(b)
 
(c)
 
(d)
 

 

Smoking&Heavy alcohol consumption

 

Eating disorders&too little calcium in the diet

Low body weight

 

Early menopause or absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea)


Symptoms
There are no symptoms in the early stages of the disease.
Symptoms occurring late in the disease include:

Fractures of the vertebrae, wrists, or hips (usually the first indication)
       

Low back pain

Neck pain

Bone pain or tenderness

Loss of height over time

Stooped posture

 


 

Treatment
Treatments for osteoporosis focus on slowing down or stopping bone loss
 
Several kinds of drugs used to treat osteoporosis
Raloxifene
Bisphosphonates
Calcitonin
HRT
Exercise Diet

Regular exercise can reduce bone fractures associated with osteoporosis.
 Exercises requiring muscles to pull on bones cause the bones to retain and perhaps even gain density

High-calcium foods include low-fat milk, yogurt, ice cream and cheese, tofu, salmon and sardines (with the bones), and leafy green vegetables, such as spinach and collard greens. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption should be taken by all individuals with increased risk of calcium deficiency and osteoporosis.
Current recommendations are for non pregnant, menstruating women to consume 1000 mg/day, pregnant women need 1200 mg/day, and postmenopausal or nursing mothers should consume 1500 mg/day.
and 400-800 IU per day of vitamin D.

 

 

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